Which arrhythmia is characterized by smooth sine waves on an EKG?

Which arrhythmia is characterized by smooth sine waves on an EKG?

• A. Atrial flutter
• B. Ventricular flutter
• C. Atrial fibrillation
• D. Normal sinus rhythm

Answer: (B)

Ventricular flutter is characterized by smooth sine waves on an EKG, which is indicative of a wave pattern that reflects the rapid and chaotic electrical activity within the ventricles. This condition typically results in ineffective ventricular contractions and can lead to a life-threatening situation if not addressed promptly.

In ventricular flutter, the waves appear rounded and are of uniform amplitude, resembling sine waves. This distinguishes it from other arrhythmias, which exhibit more irregular patterns or a disorganized electrical activity. The presence of these sine waves implies a continuous and organized flow of electrical impulses, which is not sustainable for effective cardiac output over time.

Understanding the appearance of the EKG in this context is crucial for recognizing ventricular flutter and differentiating it from other arrhythmias, where the waveform morphology would vary significantly, such as the rapid and jagged appearance seen in atrial flutter or the chaotic, erratic baseline in atrial fibrillation. Normal sinus rhythm, meanwhile, is characterized by distinct P waves, a regular heartbeat, and a well-defined QRS complex, which is quite different from the smooth sine wave manifestations of ventricular flutter.